Reference: Banner, Ensign, Standard
Hastings
That the Hebrews, like the Egyptians (Wilkinson, Anc. Egyp. [1878] I. 195, illust.), Assyrians, and other ancient nations, possessed military ensigns is a safe inference from Nu 2:2, but not from the mention of the standard-bearer in Isa 10:18 AV, which is to be rendered as Revised Version margin. Nothing certain, however, is known regarding them. In the former passage a distinction seems to be made
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"The sons of Israel shall camp, each by his own standard, with the banners of their fathers' households; they shall camp around the tent of meeting at a distance.
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a standard; and it shall come about, that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, he will live."
Your adversaries have roared in the midst of Your meeting place; They have set up their own standards for signs.
"You are as beautiful as Tirzah, my darling, As lovely as Jerusalem, As awesome as an army with banners.
'Who is this that grows like the dawn, As beautiful as the full moon, As pure as the sun, As awesome as an army with banners?'
He will also lift up a standard to the distant nation, And will whistle for it from the ends of the earth; And behold, it will come with speed swiftly.
And He will destroy the glory of his forest and of his fruitful garden, both soul and body, And it will be as when a sick man wastes away.
Then in that day The nations will resort to the root of Jesse, Who will stand as a signal for the peoples; And His resting place will be glorious.
One thousand will flee at the threat of one man; You will flee at the threat of five, Until you are left as a flag on a mountain top And as a signal on a hill.