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Themes in Exodus 21

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Themes in Exodus 21

Exodus 21:1 (show verse)

“Now these are the ordinances which you are to set before them:

Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning

Exodus 21:2 (show verse)

“If you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for six years; but on the seventh he shall go out as a free man without payment.

Contracts » Scriptures illustrative of the binding force of
Creditor » Laws concerning
Creditors » Often exacted debts » By selling the debtor or taking him for a servant
Debtor » Laws concerning
Feast of sabbatical year » Enactments respecting » Release of all hebrew servants
Israel » Also called israelites, and hebrews
Sabbatic year » Israelite bondservants set free in
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » When israelites to have their liberty after six years service

Exodus 21:3 (show verse)

If he comes alone, he shall go out alone; if he is the husband of a wife, then his wife shall go out with him.

Contracts » Scriptures illustrative of the binding force of
Creditor » Laws concerning
Debtor » Laws concerning
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Could not when set free demand wives or children procured during servitude

Exodus 21:4 (show verse)

If his master gives him a wife, and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall belong to her master, and he shall go out alone.

Contracts » Scriptures illustrative of the binding force of
Creditor » Laws concerning
Debtor » Laws concerning
Property » Personal » In slaves
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servant » Bond » Rights of those born to a master
Servants » Slaves or bond » Could not when set free demand wives or children procured during servitude

Exodus 21:5 (show verse)

But if the slave plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife and my children; I will not go out as a free man,’

Business life » Employees » Faithful
Contracts » Scriptures illustrative of the binding force of
Creditor » Laws concerning
Debtor » Laws concerning
Ear » Bored as a sign of servitude
Faithful » Servants
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Israelites sold as, refusing their liberty, to have their ears bored to the door

Exodus 21:6 (show verse)

then his master shall bring him to God, then he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him permanently.

Awl » A tool
Boring the ear » A token of servitude for life
Contracts » Scriptures illustrative of the binding force of
Creditor » Laws concerning
Debtor » Laws concerning
Ear » Bored as a sign of servitude
ears » Of servants who refused to leave their masters, bored to the door
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Israelites sold as, refusing their liberty, to have their ears bored to the door

Exodus 21:7 (show verse)

“If a man sells his daughter as a female slave, she is not to go free as the male slaves do.

Children » Sold in marriage, law concerning
Concubinage » Laws concerning
Daughter » Sold in concubinage
Divorce » Of servants, regulated by law
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servant » Bond » The master could marry, or give in marriage
Servants » Slaves or bond » Laws respecting marriage with female
Wife » Purchased

If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He does not have authority to sell her to a foreign people because of his unfairness to her.

Children » Sold in marriage, law concerning
Concubinage » Laws concerning
Daughter » Sold in concubinage
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servant » Bond » The master could marry, or give in marriage
Servants » Slaves or bond » Laws respecting marriage with female
Wife » Purchased

Exodus 21:9 (show verse)

If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her according to the custom of daughters.

Exodus 21:10 (show verse)

If he takes to himself another woman, he may not reduce her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights.

Children » Sold in marriage, law concerning
Concubinage » Laws concerning
Daughter » Sold in concubinage
Polygamy » Tolerated
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servant » Bond » The master could marry, or give in marriage
Servants » Slaves or bond » Laws respecting marriage with female
Wife » Purchased

Exodus 21:11 (show verse)

If he will not do these three things for her, then she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.

Children » Sold in marriage, law concerning
Concubinage » Laws concerning
Divorce » Of servants, regulated by law
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Laws respecting marriage with female
Wife » Purchased

Exodus 21:12 (show verse)

“He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death.

Homicide » Punishment of
Murder » Punishment of wilful

Exodus 21:13 (show verse)

But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint you a place to which he may flee.

Cities » Of refuge
Cities of refuge » Design of
Homicide » Accidental
Homicide » Unjustifiable, described as » Killing without lying in wait
Homicide » Distinguished from murder
Refuge » Cities of » From the avenger of blood

Exodus 21:14 (show verse)

If, however, a man acts presumptuously toward his neighbor, so as to kill him craftily, you are to take him even from My altar, that he may die.

Altar » In the tabernacle » A place of refuge
Altars » Afforded no protection to murderers
Cities of refuge » Afforded no asylum to murderers
Homicide » Punishment of
Homicide » Distinguished from murder
Murder » Described as killing » With premeditation
Murder » Persons guilty of » Had no protection from altars
Punishment » Capital Punishment » For capital offences
Refuge » Cities of » From the avenger of blood

Exodus 21:15 (show verse)

“He who strikes his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Children » Punishment of
Children » Rebellious, punished by the civil power
wicked Children » Punishment of, for » Cursing parents
wicked Children » Punishment of, for » Smiting parents
Parents » Those that smite their parents
Punishment » Death penalty » Mosaic law » Death penalty » Cursing » Parents

Exodus 21:16 (show verse)

“He who kidnaps a man, whether he sells him or he is found in his possession, shall surely be put to death.

Children » Rebellious, punished by the civil power
Kidnapping » Forbidden
Punishment » Death penalty » Mosaic law » Kidnapping
Servants » Slaves or bond » Seizing and stealing of men for, condemned and punished by the law
Theft » Thieves

Exodus 21:17 (show verse)

“He who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.

Children » Punishment of
Children » Rebellious, punished by the civil power
Curses » Those that curse their parents
Cursing » Of parents
Parents » Those that curse their parents
Punishment » Death penalty » Mosaic law » Death penalty » Cursing » Parents

Exodus 21:18 (show verse)

“If men have a quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist, and he does not die but remains in bed,

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Strife » Leads to » Violence

Exodus 21:19 (show verse)

if he gets up and walks around outside on his staff, then he who struck him shall go unpunished; he shall only pay for his loss of time, and shall take care of him until he is completely healed.

Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law

Exodus 21:20 (show verse)

“If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod and he dies at his hand, he shall be punished.

Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Scourging » Of servants could be avenged
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Laws respecting the killing of

Exodus 21:21 (show verse)

If, however, he survives a day or two, no vengeance shall be taken; for he is his property.

Money » Was given » For slaves
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Laws respecting the killing of

Exodus 21:22 (show verse)

“If men struggle with each other and strike a woman with child so that she gives birth prematurely, yet there is no injury, he shall surely be fined as the woman’s husband may demand of him, and he shall pay as the judges decide.

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Punishments » Secondary kinds of » Fine, or giving of money
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Strife » Leads to » Violence
Woman » Punishment for injuring, when with child

Exodus 21:23 (show verse)

But if there is any further injury, then you shall appoint as a penalty life for life,

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Woman » Punishment for injuring, when with child

Exodus 21:24 (show verse)

eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Eyes » Punishment for injuring
Punishments » Secondary kinds of » Retaliation or injuring according to the injury done
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Woman » Punishment for injuring, when with child

Exodus 21:25 (show verse)

burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Woman » Punishment for injuring, when with child

Exodus 21:26 (show verse)

“If a man strikes the eye of his male or female slave, and destroys it, he shall let him go free on account of his eye.

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Eyes » Punishment for injuring
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Maimed or injured by masters, to have their freedom

Exodus 21:27 (show verse)

And if he knocks out a tooth of his male or female slave, he shall let him go free on account of his tooth.

Assault and battery » Laws concerning
Recompense/restitution » The eye for an eye law
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Maimed or injured by masters, to have their freedom

Exodus 21:28 (show verse)

“If an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall surely be stoned and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall go unpunished.

Animals » Laws concerning
Beasts » Clean » Ox
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Homicide » Accidental
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Killing a man, to be stoned
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:29 (show verse)

If, however, an ox was previously in the habit of goring and its owner has been warned, yet he does not confine it and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death.

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Homicide » Accidental
Horns » Used offensively
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Killing a man, to be stoned
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Punishment » Capital Punishment » For capital offences
Punishments » Were sometimes commuted
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:30 (show verse)

If a ransom is demanded of him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is demanded of him.

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Homicide » Accidental
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Killing a man, to be stoned
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Punishments » Were sometimes commuted
Ransom » Of a man's life
Restitution » To be made for injury to life, limb, or property
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:31 (show verse)

Whether it gores a son or a daughter, it shall be done to him according to the same rule.

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Homicide » Accidental
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Killing a man, to be stoned
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Restitution » To be made for injury to life, limb, or property
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:32 (show verse)

If the ox gores a male or female slave, the owner shall give his or her master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Homicide » Accidental
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Killing a man, to be stoned
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Restitution » To be made for injury to life, limb, or property
Servant » Bond » Laws of moses concerning
Servants » Slaves or bond » Masters to be recompensed for injury done to
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:33 (show verse)

“If a man opens a pit, or digs a pit and does not cover it over, and an ox or a donkey falls into it,

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Restitution » To be made for injury to life, limb, or property
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:34 (show verse)

the owner of the pit shall make restitution; he shall give money to its owner, and the dead animal shall become his.

Exodus 21:35 (show verse)

“If one man’s ox hurts another’s so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide its price equally; and also they shall divide the dead ox.

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Mode of reparation for one, killing another
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Restitution » To be made for injury to life, limb, or property
Trespass » Of an ox

Exodus 21:36 (show verse)

Or if it is known that the ox was previously in the habit of goring, yet its owner has not confined it, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall become his.

Animals » Laws concerning
Bullock (ox) » Laws concerning » Trespass by
Livestock » Laws concerning livestock
Oxen » Laws respecting » Mode of reparation for one, killing another
Property » Personal » Laws concerning trespass of, and violence to
Punishments » Secondary kinds of » Restitution
Restitution » To be made for injury to life, limb, or property
Trespass » Of an ox