Thematic Bible
Isaiah 1:1 (show verse)
The vision concerning Judah and Jerusalem that Isaiah son of Amoz saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
Ahaz » King of judah, son and successor of jotham » Prophets in the reign of
Amoz » Father of imiah
Isaiah » Prophesies in the days of uzziah, jotham, ahaz, and hezekiah, kings of judah
Isaiah » Son of amos
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Jotham » King of judah, son of uzziah
Prophets » Mentioned in scripture » Isaiah
Revelation » Methods of » Prophetic visions
Uzziah » Called azariah » History of, written by isaiah,
Visions » Prophetic
Amoz » Father of imiah
Isaiah » Prophesies in the days of uzziah, jotham, ahaz, and hezekiah, kings of judah
Isaiah » Son of amos
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Jotham » King of judah, son of uzziah
Prophets » Mentioned in scripture » Isaiah
Revelation » Methods of » Prophetic visions
Uzziah » Called azariah » History of, written by isaiah,
Visions » Prophetic
Isaiah 1:2 (show verse)
for the Lord has spoken:
“I have raised children
but they have rebelled against Me.
Character » Of the wicked » Rebellious
Ingratitude to God » Inexcusable
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Jews, the » National character of » Ungrateful to God
Rebellion against God » Ingratitude of--illustrated
Rebellion against God » Guilt of » Aggravated by God's fatherly care
national Sins » Exemplified
Ingratitude to God » Inexcusable
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Jews, the » National character of » Ungrateful to God
Rebellion against God » Ingratitude of--illustrated
Rebellion against God » Guilt of » Aggravated by God's fatherly care
national Sins » Exemplified
Isaiah 1:3 (show verse)
and the donkey its master’s feeding trough,
but Israel does not know;
My people do not understand.”
Domestic Donkeys » Described as » Not devoid of instinct
Beasts » Described as » Possessed of instinct
Crib » Used for grain
Dullness » Of israel
Ignorance » Spiritual » General references to
Ignorance of God » Exemplified
Ingratitude to God » Inexcusable
Instinct » Of animals
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Oxen » Described as » Not without sagacity
Rebellion against God » Ingratitude of--illustrated
national Sins » Exemplified
Spiritual » Ignorance » General references to
Beasts » Described as » Possessed of instinct
Crib » Used for grain
Dullness » Of israel
Ignorance » Spiritual » General references to
Ignorance of God » Exemplified
Ingratitude to God » Inexcusable
Instinct » Of animals
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Oxen » Described as » Not without sagacity
Rebellion against God » Ingratitude of--illustrated
national Sins » Exemplified
Spiritual » Ignorance » General references to
Isaiah 1:4 (show verse)
people weighed down with iniquity,
brood of evildoers,
depraved children!
They have abandoned
they have despised
they have turned their backs on Him.
Anger of God » Against » Those who forsake him
Backsliding » Results of » Selfish absorption
Forsaking God » Exemplified
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Jews, the » Often displeased God by their sins
Jews, the » Punished for » Transgressing the law
national Sins » Exemplified
Titles and names of the wicked » Seed of evil doers
Titles and names of the wicked » Children that are corrupters
Titles and names of the wicked » People loaded with iniquity
The wicked » Characteristics of
Wickedness » Characteristics of
Backsliding » Results of » Selfish absorption
Forsaking God » Exemplified
Jerusalem » Wickedness of
Jews, the » Often displeased God by their sins
Jews, the » Punished for » Transgressing the law
national Sins » Exemplified
Titles and names of the wicked » Seed of evil doers
Titles and names of the wicked » Children that are corrupters
Titles and names of the wicked » People loaded with iniquity
The wicked » Characteristics of
Wickedness » Characteristics of
Isaiah 1:5 (show verse)
Why do you keep on rebelling?
The whole head is hurt,
and the whole heart is sick.
Correction » Correction despised
spiritual Disease » General references to
Diseases » Illustrative of sin
Head » Liable to » Internal disease
Rebellion » Examples of rebellion against God
Rebellion against God » Exhibited in » Revolting from him
Rebellion against God » They who are guilty of » Increase in, though chastised
The sick » Figurative
national Sins » Pervade all ranks
national Sins » Exemplified
Spiritual » Desire select readings, psalms 42; 84 » Disease
spiritual Disease » General references to
Diseases » Illustrative of sin
Head » Liable to » Internal disease
Rebellion » Examples of rebellion against God
Rebellion against God » Exhibited in » Revolting from him
Rebellion against God » They who are guilty of » Increase in, though chastised
The sick » Figurative
national Sins » Pervade all ranks
national Sins » Exemplified
Spiritual » Desire select readings, psalms 42; 84 » Disease
Isaiah 1:6 (show verse)
no spot is uninjured
wounds, welts, and festering sores
not cleansed, bandaged,
or soothed with oil.
Anointing » Application of oil as a remedy
Anointing » Of the sick
Anointing » Was used for » Healing wounds
Disease » Remedies » General references
Disease » Figurative
Disease » Remedies » Treatment of wounds
Disease » Instances of » Ointments
Disease » Remedies » Ointment
Diseases » Medicine used for curing
Diseases » Other diseases mentioned » Ulcers
Diseases » Mentioned in scripture » Ulcers
Head » The uppermost and chief member of the body
Oil » As a remedy
Oil » Described as » Healing
Ointment » Remedies
Prevention and cure of diseases » Remedies
Prevention and cure of diseases » Treatment of wounds
Remedies » Remedies, for disease
The sick » Figurative
Sin » Will be exposed, no matter how committed » Wounds of
national Sins » Exemplified
Symbols and similitudes » Of the holy spirit » Healing
Wounds » Treatment of
Anointing » Of the sick
Anointing » Was used for » Healing wounds
Disease » Remedies » General references
Disease » Figurative
Disease » Remedies » Treatment of wounds
Disease » Instances of » Ointments
Disease » Remedies » Ointment
Diseases » Medicine used for curing
Diseases » Other diseases mentioned » Ulcers
Diseases » Mentioned in scripture » Ulcers
Head » The uppermost and chief member of the body
Oil » As a remedy
Oil » Described as » Healing
Ointment » Remedies
Prevention and cure of diseases » Remedies
Prevention and cure of diseases » Treatment of wounds
Remedies » Remedies, for disease
The sick » Figurative
Sin » Will be exposed, no matter how committed » Wounds of
national Sins » Exemplified
Symbols and similitudes » Of the holy spirit » Healing
Wounds » Treatment of
Isaiah 1:7 (show verse)
your cities burned with fire;
foreigners devour your fields
before your very eyes—
a desolation demolished by foreigners.
Isaiah 1:8 (show verse)
like a shelter in a vineyard,
like a shack in a cucumber field,
like a besieged city.
Isaiah 1:9 (show verse)
had not left us a few survivors,
we would be like Sodom,
we would resemble Gomorrah.
Isaiah 1:10 (show verse)
you rulers of Sodom!
Listen to the instruction of our God,
you people of Gomorrah!
the Burnt offering » Of the wicked, not accepted by God
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
ears » Should » Be given to the law of God
Gomorrah » Destroyed
Hearing » Hearing the lord
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Sodom » Figurative » Of wickedness
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
ears » Should » Be given to the law of God
Gomorrah » Destroyed
Hearing » Hearing the lord
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Sodom » Figurative » Of wickedness
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Isaiah 1:11 (show verse)
asks the Lord.
“I have had enough of burnt offerings and rams
and the fat of well-fed cattle;
I have no desire for the blood of bulls,
lambs, or male goats.
the Burnt offering » Of the wicked, not accepted by God
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Lambs » Offered in sacrifice » By the wicked not accepted
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Offerings » Withheld see offerings; withheld » Insufficient to secure salvation
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
Sacrifices » Insufficient to secure salvation
Sacrifices » Generally the best of their kind
Sacrifices » The jews » Unaccepted in, on account of sin
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Lambs » Offered in sacrifice » By the wicked not accepted
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Offerings » Withheld see offerings; withheld » Insufficient to secure salvation
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
Sacrifices » Insufficient to secure salvation
Sacrifices » Generally the best of their kind
Sacrifices » The jews » Unaccepted in, on account of sin
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Isaiah 1:12 (show verse)
who requires this from you—
this trampling of My courts?
Church » Called courts
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Isaiah 1:13 (show verse)
Your incense is detestable to Me.
New Moons and Sabbaths,
and the calling of solemn assemblies
I cannot stand iniquity
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Feast of the new moon » Mere outward observance of, hateful to God
the anniversary Feasts » Rendered unavailing by the impiety of the jews
the anniversary Feasts » Called » Solemn meetings
Formalism » Warnings against
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Incense » The jews » Not accepted in offering, on account of sin
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Offerings » The jews often » Rejected in, because of sin
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Religion » Formalism » Warnings against
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Vanity » The worship of the wicked is
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Feast of the new moon » Mere outward observance of, hateful to God
the anniversary Feasts » Rendered unavailing by the impiety of the jews
the anniversary Feasts » Called » Solemn meetings
Formalism » Warnings against
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Incense » The jews » Not accepted in offering, on account of sin
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Offerings » The jews often » Rejected in, because of sin
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Religion » Formalism » Warnings against
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Vanity » The worship of the wicked is
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Isaiah 1:14 (show verse)
They have become a burden to Me;
I am tired of putting up with them.
Church of israel » Had » Appointed feasts
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Feast of the new moon » Mere outward observance of, hateful to God
Feasts » Instituted by moses » Appointed feasts
the anniversary Feasts » Rendered unavailing by the impiety of the jews
the anniversary Feasts » Called » Appointed feasts
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
New » Man » Moons
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Delight » What the lord does not delight in
Feast of the new moon » Mere outward observance of, hateful to God
Feasts » Instituted by moses » Appointed feasts
the anniversary Feasts » Rendered unavailing by the impiety of the jews
the anniversary Feasts » Called » Appointed feasts
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
New » Man » Moons
Offerings » Useless when not accompanied by genuine piety
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Requirements » What the lord does not require
Sacrifice » The lord not desiring sacrifices
national Sins » National worship rejected on account of
national Sins » Defile » National worship
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
Isaiah 1:15 (show verse)
I will refuse to look at you;
even if you offer countless prayers,
I will not listen.
Your hands are covered with blood.
Eye » Anthropomorphic uses of
Face » God's hidden » God's face hidden on account of sin
God » Of israel » Face of, hidden
hands » Of the wicked, described as » Bloody
hands » Often spread out in prayer
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Murder » God » Rejects the prayers of those guilty of
Murder » The wicked » Have hands full of
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Prayer » Causes of failure in » Blood-guiltiness
Prayer » Postures in » Spreading forth the hands
Prayer, answers to » Denied to those who » Are blood-shedders
national Sins » Defile » National worship
national Sins » National prayer rejected on account of
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
The wicked » Causes of failure in » Blood-guiltiness
Face » God's hidden » God's face hidden on account of sin
God » Of israel » Face of, hidden
hands » Of the wicked, described as » Bloody
hands » Often spread out in prayer
Hearing » Who the lord will not hear
Hiding » Who the lord hides himself from
Hypocrites » Worship of, not acceptable to God
Murder » God » Rejects the prayers of those guilty of
Murder » The wicked » Have hands full of
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Prayer » Whose prayer the lord does not hear
Prayer » Causes of failure in » Blood-guiltiness
Prayer » Postures in » Spreading forth the hands
Prayer, answers to » Denied to those who » Are blood-shedders
national Sins » Defile » National worship
national Sins » National prayer rejected on account of
Wicked people » Worship of » Offensive: » To God
The wicked » Causes of failure in » Blood-guiltiness
Isaiah 1:16 (show verse)
Remove your evil deeds from My sight.
Stop doing evil.
Cleanliness » Figurative
Cleanness » Being clean
Cleansing » Ps 51 » Spiritual encouraged
Error » Definition of » Forbidden
Evil » Departing from evil
Lessons of life » Practical, every day
Life » Lessons of » Practical, every day
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Purification of heart » Cleansing, spiritual » Encouraged
Repentance » Should be evidenced by fruits
Sin » Excuses offered for » Forbidden
national Sins » Should be » Turned from
Spiritual » Cleansing » Spiritual encouraged
Transgression » Sin, definition of » Forbidden
Washing » Figurative » Of regeneration
Cleanness » Being clean
Cleansing » Ps 51 » Spiritual encouraged
Error » Definition of » Forbidden
Evil » Departing from evil
Lessons of life » Practical, every day
Life » Lessons of » Practical, every day
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Purification of heart » Cleansing, spiritual » Encouraged
Repentance » Should be evidenced by fruits
Sin » Excuses offered for » Forbidden
national Sins » Should be » Turned from
Spiritual » Cleansing » Spiritual encouraged
Transgression » Sin, definition of » Forbidden
Washing » Figurative » Of regeneration
Isaiah 1:17 (show verse)
Seek justice.
Correct the oppressor.
Defend the rights of the fatherless.
Plead the widow’s cause.
Fatherless » Admonitions in regard to
Fatherless » Defend
Help » Helping others
Justice » To be done » To the fatherless and widows
Learning » What to learn
Lessons of life » Practical, every day
Life » Lessons of » Practical, every day
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Orphans » Admonitions in regard to
Repentance » Should be evidenced by fruits
Social duties » Compassion » Duty to widow and fatherless
Widow and fatherless » Kindness to encouraged
Widow's » Should be » Pleaded for
Fatherless » Defend
Help » Helping others
Justice » To be done » To the fatherless and widows
Learning » What to learn
Lessons of life » Practical, every day
Life » Lessons of » Practical, every day
Ordinance » Insufficiency of, for salvation
Orphans » Admonitions in regard to
Repentance » Should be evidenced by fruits
Social duties » Compassion » Duty to widow and fatherless
Widow and fatherless » Kindness to encouraged
Widow's » Should be » Pleaded for
Isaiah 1:18 (show verse)
says the Lord.
“Though your sins are like scarlet,
they will be as white as snow;
though they are as red as crimson,
they will be like wool.
Anthropomorphisms » Attributed to deity » Reason
Cleansing » Ps 51 » Spiritual promised
Colors » Crimson, red, purple, and scarlet, symbols of various ideas » Of iniquity
Comes » The comes of God's word » Come for personal cleansing
Condescension of God » Invites sinners, saying, "come now, and let us reason together,"
Consolation under Affliction » To those who mourn for sin
God's Call » The comes of God's word » Divine pleadings
God's Call » The comes of God's word » Come for personal cleansing
God's Promises » Of cleansing » Spiritual promised
Pardon » Promised
The promises of God » Subjects of » Forgiveness of sins
Purification of heart » Cleansing, spiritual » Promised
Reasoning » God reasons with men
Sin » Sinfulness of
Sin » Defiles
Sin » Described as » Like scarlet and crimson
Snow » A symbol of whiteness
Snow » Figurative » Of purity
Will » The mental faculty » Freedom of, recognized by God
Cleansing » Ps 51 » Spiritual promised
Colors » Crimson, red, purple, and scarlet, symbols of various ideas » Of iniquity
Comes » The comes of God's word » Come for personal cleansing
Condescension of God » Invites sinners, saying, "come now, and let us reason together,"
Consolation under Affliction » To those who mourn for sin
God's Call » The comes of God's word » Divine pleadings
God's Call » The comes of God's word » Come for personal cleansing
God's Promises » Of cleansing » Spiritual promised
Pardon » Promised
The promises of God » Subjects of » Forgiveness of sins
Purification of heart » Cleansing, spiritual » Promised
Reasoning » God reasons with men
Sin » Sinfulness of
Sin » Defiles
Sin » Described as » Like scarlet and crimson
Snow » A symbol of whiteness
Snow » Figurative » Of purity
Will » The mental faculty » Freedom of, recognized by God
Isaiah 1:19 (show verse)
you will eat the good things of the land.
Condescension of God » Invites sinners, saying, "come now, and let us reason together,"
God » To believers » To the obedient
God's Promises » Special promises to children, examples of » To the obedient
Obedience to God » Promises to
Obedience to God » Should be » With willingness
Will » The mental faculty » Freedom of, recognized by God
religious Work » Serving men » Willingness, an essential element in
God » To believers » To the obedient
God's Promises » Special promises to children, examples of » To the obedient
Obedience to God » Promises to
Obedience to God » Should be » With willingness
Will » The mental faculty » Freedom of, recognized by God
religious Work » Serving men » Willingness, an essential element in
Isaiah 1:20 (show verse)
you will be devoured by the sword.”
For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.
Isaiah 1:21 (show verse)
what an adulteress
She was once full of justice.
Righteousness once dwelt in her—
but now, murderers!
Isaiah 1:22 (show verse)
your beer
Isaiah 1:23 (show verse)
friends of thieves.
They all love graft
and chase after bribes.
They do not defend the rights of the fatherless,
and the widow’s case never comes before them.
Alliance and society with the enemies of God » Are degrading
Bribery » Condemned
Court » Corrupt
Covetousness » Exemplified
Earthly » Reward » Earthly, a source of temptation
Fatherless » The wicked » Judge not for
Rebellion against God » Connected with » Injustice and corruption
Reward » Spiritual crowns » Earthly, a source of temptation
Silver » Illustrative » Of good rulers
The Nation » Bribery » Condemned
Theft » The wicked » Associate with those who commit
Widow's » The wicked » Reject the cause of
Bribery » Condemned
Court » Corrupt
Covetousness » Exemplified
Earthly » Reward » Earthly, a source of temptation
Fatherless » The wicked » Judge not for
Rebellion against God » Connected with » Injustice and corruption
Reward » Spiritual crowns » Earthly, a source of temptation
Silver » Illustrative » Of good rulers
The Nation » Bribery » Condemned
Theft » The wicked » Associate with those who commit
Widow's » The wicked » Reject the cause of
Isaiah 1:24 (show verse)
the Mighty One of Israel, declares:
“Ah, I will gain satisfaction from My foes;
I will take revenge against My enemies.
Isaiah 1:25 (show verse)
and will burn away your dross
I will remove all your impurities.
Afflictions » Promises concerning » Refining influence of
Metals » Often mixed with dross
Refining » Figurative » Of the corrective judgments of God
spiritual Refining » The refining influence afflictions
Spiritual » Refining » The refining influence of afflictions
Trials » The refining influence of
Metals » Often mixed with dross
Refining » Figurative » Of the corrective judgments of God
spiritual Refining » The refining influence afflictions
Spiritual » Refining » The refining influence of afflictions
Trials » The refining influence of
Isaiah 1:26 (show verse)
and your advisers to their former state.
Afterward you will be called the Righteous City,
a Faithful City.”
Isaiah 1:27 (show verse)
her repentant ones by righteousness.
Isaiah 1:28 (show verse)
and those who abandon the Lord will perish.
Isaiah 1:29 (show verse)
you desired,
and you will be embarrassed because of the gardens
you have chosen.
Isaiah 1:30 (show verse)
whose leaves are withered,
and like a garden without water.
Dearth » Spiritual
Gardens » Illustrative » (when dried up,) of the wicked
Oak Trees » Illustrative » (fading,) of the wicked under judgments
Spiritual » Desire select readings, psalms 42; 84 » Drought
Trees » Varieties » Oak
Wicked people » Compared with » Garden without water
Wicked people » Compared with » Fading oaks
Wicked, the, are compared to » Garden without water
Wicked, the, are compared to » Fading oaks
Gardens » Illustrative » (when dried up,) of the wicked
Oak Trees » Illustrative » (fading,) of the wicked under judgments
Spiritual » Desire select readings, psalms 42; 84 » Drought
Trees » Varieties » Oak
Wicked people » Compared with » Garden without water
Wicked people » Compared with » Fading oaks
Wicked, the, are compared to » Garden without water
Wicked, the, are compared to » Fading oaks
Isaiah 1:31 (show verse)
and his work a spark;
both will burn together,
with no one to quench the flames.